MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a technical standard that describes a communications protocol, digital interface, and electrical connectors that connect a wide variety of electronic musical instruments, computers, and related audio devices. It was originally standardized in 1983 by a consortium of electronic instrument and computer companies and is now widely used in popular music production, composition, and live performance.
The MIDI standard defines a number of operations including control data messages, timing data messages, system data messages, and synchronization data messages, which allow MIDI-enabled devices to transfer information between each other such as musical notes and other settings. Additionally, MIDI specifies a hardware connection known as a 5-pin DIN connector, which is used to connect instruments to computers and other digital devices.
MIDI data is split into individual “messages” and assigned channels which are each sent from one device to another. This makes it possible for a musician to control multiple MIDI-enabled instruments at once. For example, a synthesizer playing a chord progression can also be used to set tempo and control other related devices. In addition, the use of MIDI also allows the on-stage musician to control an off-stage synthesizer without needing to be near the synthesizer.
MIDI is most commonly used in contemporary recorded and live music production, both in the studio and in live performances. MIDI-enabled devices can be used to create and play back digital audio, as well as produce and manipulate sound effects and associated notes. Additionally, MIDI can also be used to compose and build pieces of music through sequencing and score writing software. Additionally, MIDI data can be used to synchronize media elements such as light shows and special effects in addition to dialog and musical scores in film production.
MIDI has also been used in various gaming console and arcade applications, allowing developers to create more immersive and dynamic gaming experiences.
Though the original MIDI standard is more than 30 years old, the MIDI protocol specification has evolved over the years to include support for newer technologies such as USB, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth, as well as making the protocol backwards compatible. With the current version of MIDI, users can connect multiple MIDI-enabled instruments to a single computer via an interface or dedicated hub.
