Penetration testing, also known as pen testing or ethical hacking, is the process of evaluating the security of a computer system or network by simulating attacks from malicious hackers. The scope of a penetration test varies depending on the size and complexity of the system being tested, but may include sniffing network traffic, network mapping, application layer testing, password cracking, wireless testing, and social engineering. The goal of penetration testing is to assess the system’s resiliency against potential intruders, identify system weaknesses which could be exploited, and help identify and prioritize remediation efforts.
Penetration testing is usually used as a proactive security measure to detect and shut down any security weaknesses before a malicious hacker is able to exploit them. The test results can be used to provide recommendations for hardening the system and improving the security posture of the system being tested. Furthermore, penetration tests are used to verify that the existing security measures, such as firewalls, antivirus, and intrusion avoidance systems are properly configured, and that they are capable of preventing outside access.
Penetration tests may also be conducted as a reactive measure, after a security incident has been discovered. This provides an opportunity to identify why the incident occurred, and to identify additional potential threats or weaknesses which may have allowed the intrusion in the first place. It is important to note that penetration testing should not be done without proper authorization, as it may constitute an illegal act in some jurisdictions.
In most cases, it is best to use a professional security consultant or ethical hacker to conduct the penetration test. Before undertaking a test, the consultant will assess the methods, techniques, and tools which she or he will use to test the system. This assessment should include a description of any tools, or scripts which may be used, and the risks associated with using them. Once the scope of the test has been determined, the actual testing can take place.
Penetration testing is an important part of ensuring the security of any system. By providing insight into the security posture of a system, it allows an organization to make the right security decisions to protect their data from malicious intruders and improve their system security posture.
