A router is a device used to pass data between computer networks. It is used in combination with other hardware and software to enable the forwarding of network traffic from one network to another. Routers operate at the network layer, or Layer 3 of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model.
Routers are commonly used in home and business networks to provide internet access. They connect to internet service providers (ISPs) using either Ethernet, telephone/DSL, or cable modem. Routers typically contain a firewall to protect the network from malicious software and hacker attacks.
Routers can also be used to connect separate networks within the same building or across multiple buildings. They are used to perform network address translation (NAT) which allows multiple devices to share a single IP address. Routers can also perform other functions such as packet filtering, routing table maintenance, and setting policies for network traffic.
Routers can also offer wireless (Wi-Fi) access to a network. Most wireless routers come equipped with two radios, one acting as a access point and the other as a bridge/repeater. This allows multiple Wi-Fi networks to be connected together seamlessly.
Modern routers often have additional features such as NAT traversal, IPv6 support, voice over IP (VoIP) support, and Quality of Service (QoS) to prioritize and direct internet traffic.
Routers come in a variety of form factors ranging from small consumer grade devices to large enterprise devices. They play a critical role in today’s digital networks and are highly customizable to meet the needs of any network.
