Edge device is a type of computer device placed at the edge of a network to regulate the flow of data between the internal network and external networks. It typically serves as an intermediary and helps keep data secure and organized for further processing. Edge devices are commonly used in networks such as those in industrial automation, the Internet of Things (IoT), cellular networks, and other distributed networks.
An edge device is different from other computing devices such as servers or personal computers in that it is usually much more limited in terms of processing power and memory capabilities. It typically performs one or several specialized functions and handles multiple data streams in network communications. Edge devices are responsible for the handling of data processing functions such as collecting, formatting, cleaning, aggregating, encryption/decryption, and routing of data.
Edge devices can vary in complexity, from simple embedded systems with microcontrollers and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to devices with system-on-chip (SOC) capabilities, which typically contain programmable processors and connectivity features.
The use of edge devices can provide organizations with a means to reduce the load on their central systems, increase data security, and reduce network latency. Edge devices are also useful because they are able to react to changing conditions quickly, reducing the amount of time delay associated with processing commands from the central system.
Edge devices can also help decentralize information systems and applications. By offloading tasks from a central system, the edge device can aid in achieving scalability and increasing performance of central systems and applications.
Edge devices are becoming increasingly important because of their role in helping organizations tap into the massive amount of data generated from the IoT, as well as from traditional networks. With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) there will soon be billions of connected devices, and edge devices will be needed to help manage and process the immense amounts of data.
