Firmware is a term used to describe software that exists in the form of read-only memory, embedded in a hardware component. It is primarily used to control the functioning of devices, including computer and printer systems, digital cameras, and routers. Oftentimes, firmware is either embedded or pre-installed in the hardware device at the time of manufacture. It is also referred to as embedded software, as it is designed to be permanent and stay integrated into the device.
Firmware is distinct from computer software, as it does not exist in the form of a file but is instead stored on the hardware itself. It is also not as flexible as computer software, meaning that it cannot be upgraded or deleted as easily. Firmware is usually used to control the system and its settings; however, it is often confused with software since they have similar functions.
The main purpose of firmware is to provide basic instructions to the hardware device so that it can function properly. It is designed to ensure the hardware device is able to perform all of the intended tasks, as well as to help protect against malicious third-party software that could corrupt the system. Firmware can also provide additional functions such as graphical user interface, device drivers, and application support.
Firmware can be upgraded through flashing for improved or added features. This process is typically done by downloading the new firmware version onto the device, then running the updating executable to overwrite the old version of the firmware. Firmware can also be updated by hardware manufacturers who may want to optimize features of a particular device.
Firmware is used in a wide variety of devices, from expansive server systems to a single processor microcontroller. It is essential to the proper functioning of software systems, and is a vital component of any electronic device.
